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hypertension

What is high blood pressure

Hypertension is a disease in which the blood pressure level is increased stably, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is an accompanying factor for many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and medication. If necessary, you can undergo a complete examination in the modern "MedCentrervice" clinic. If necessary, the doctor selects effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial high blood pressure

The most common mixed form of high blood pressure, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure increase. Less often, only one kind of blood pressure grows, which is characteristic of older people.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of arterial hypertension are differentiated:

  1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to determine the exact cause of the disease, since there are no pathologies that could increase the pressure. In most cases, due to a genetic predisposition due to a genetic predisposition due to tensions, a sitting lifestyle, a significant hypertension occurs.
  2. Secondary. As a result of other diseases, you can precisely determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops when a person has kidney diseases.

Depending on the systol and diastolic pressure, a distinction is made between 3 degrees hypertension:

  • 1 degree. It runs in a soft shape, an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg is determined. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm ed. Art.
  • 2 degrees. The moderate pressure increases to 180/110 mm rt. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. The systolic and/or diastolic pressure of 200/115 mm HG increases. Art. This condition can cause serious complications because blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If the hypertension of the 1st degree is not treated, there is a high probability that the disease is progressing. Very high pressure indicators can provoke a hypertensive crisis that is affected by stroke.

Complications

Complications can occur with long or severe high blood pressure. They highlight from the most dangerous ones:

  1. The lesion of the brain, which develops into a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the rehabilitation phase takes a lot of time.
  2. Heart diseases and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney diseases. Against the background of arterial hypertension, kidney failure can develop, and an imbalance in salt and liquid volume in the body can occur.

Common complications are hypertensive crises. Periodic short -term print lights are accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting and a quick heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increasing blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications. It is therefore important to diagnose the disease in good time. First you have to measure the pressure and examine the so -called target organs.

The steps required to diagnose "high blood pressure" and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. The pressure measurement is independent at home in the doctor's office.
  2. The analysis of blood and urine passes.
  3. The evaluation of the work of the heart muscle - is carried out using a phonedoscope or more detailed by an EKG or ultrasound of the heart.
  4. Dopplerography - allows you to evaluate the bloodstream that leads through the vessels to the heart.
  5. Arteriography - enables the state of the arterial walls.
  6. Inspection of the eye floor - necessary in the initial phase the high blood pressure. With an increase in the pressure of the retinal vein, the eyes expand and the arteries are narrowed.
  7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands - with the study, enables you to evaluate the work of the kidneys and to determine damage to the kidney tissue.

Important! At the first signs of high blood pressure, you definitely have to consult a doctor. The timely diagnosis and complete examination enable you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

High blood pressure prevention

To prevent high blood pressure, you have to adhere to a number of simple recommendations:

  1. Measure the blood pressure regularly and carry a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm ed. Art. The systolic or diastolic blood pressure can, if this happens regularly, to an alarming bell.
  2. Follow the way of life - motor activity, nutrition, exclude bad habits.
  3. Study regularly at the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules helps to minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure to diagnose an arterial hypertension

In order to obtain an objective image when measuring the pressure, it is important:

  1. Give up at least half an hour before the procedure, smoking the consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical exertion.
  2. Take a comfortable position when measuring the pressure and do not cross your legs.
  3. The manometer should be on the heart level.
  4. In order to minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between the indicators on the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm ed. Art.

To get an objective picture, measure the pressure regularly at home and add data to the diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in people in different age groups. It is therefore important to be responsible for your health and to examine the doctor regularly.

The causes of high blood pressure

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a quiet state, at least with three control measurements, blood pressure increases to 140/90 mm ed. Or more is the likelihood of diagnosis - high blood pressure.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons that cause the increase in blood pressure:

  1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In the event of a violation of the kidney blood flow, the kidneys are released into the body. As a result, a cramp occurs small vessels, the vessel walls are gradually thickened, a surplus of liquid is delayed in the bloodstream. The processes described increase the load and produce an increase in blood pressure.
  2. Nervous overload. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of high blood pressure.
  3. Hormonal malfunctions and metabolic disorder. They lead to circulatory diseases in the tissues.

An increase in blood pressure with age is often observed. For people 20–40 years, the normal pressure is 120/70–130/80 mm ed. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm ed. Art. , Over 60 years old - 140/90–150/90 mm ed.

A rather common cause of the pathology is inheritance. There are also factors that exert high pressure:

  • Smoking and drinking alcoholic drinks;
  • sitting lifestyle;
  • Obesity;
  • Improper nutrition.

If a person has an anamnesis of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly carry out a physical examination and carry out all the necessary tests. It is important to take into account that high blood pressure can develop in the early stages without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

High blood pressure is an insidious disease. The pathology may not be shown in the initial phase, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. It is therefore necessary to measure blood pressure regularly and to undergo a medical examination. This is particularly important for patients in a risk group.

The first symptoms of high blood pressure:

  • Frequent headache;
  • Nose bleeding;
  • Violation of the heart rhythm;
  • Vision of seeing;
  • Tinnitus.

With heavier high blood pressure, the above symptoms can merge:

  • Weakness;
  • Brawl;
  • vomit;
  • Muscle tremors;
  • Confusion;
  • Chest pain.

People often write down the appearance of symptoms of high blood pressure against general fatigue. However, if the first alarming bells appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys work with the maximum load, which can lead to a hypertonic crisis, heart and kidney failure.

High blood pressure treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease in which a comprehensive approach is required:

  • Change of lifestyle - it is recommended to increase motor activity, to monitor nutrition.
  • The use of medication therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only one doctor can prescribe drug treatment and select the dosage of medicinal products. You cannot administer yourself so as not to worsen the situation even more.

This article is published exclusively for the purpose of convening for cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or professional medical advice. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.