Hypertension refers to a number of diseases related to the cardiovascular system. What is high blood pressure and how does it manifest itself? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is manifested by regular high blood pressure in humans (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and more). The disease is a common problem of mankind.
Causes of high blood pressure
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions under which hypertension manifests itself are absolutely versatile:
- accommodation;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- pathology of development;
- diabetes mellitus;
- elevated cholesterol.
The cause of high blood pressure is also a genetic predisposition. The causes of high blood pressure in women are related to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
symptoms of pathology
Very often, the first signs of hypertension do not arouse suspicion, since these are the consequences of ordinary fatigue and overwork. However, if you feel a regular manifestation of symptoms, and there is a constant increase in pressure when measuring pressure, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of high blood pressure in the early stages:
- Headaches (developing in the occiput and engulfing the head) that can occur at any time of the day and are aggravated by bending over or sudden movements;
- pain in the area of the heart, with experiences and loads;
- buzzing in the ears;
- Dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling anxious;
- feeling of throbbing in head;
- Revision.
With the progression of the disease, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive patient shows excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands, and memory impairment.
Hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or stopping medication.
Hypertensive patients experience the following condition during the exacerbation:
- feeling sick (vomiting may begin);
- severe darkening in the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- reddening of the face.
diagnosis
| Basic diagnostic methods | description |
|---|---|
| pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed around the shoulder. After some time intervals, the cuff is inflated and the wearable device fixes the pressure. Blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes during the day and every 30 minutes at night. |
| blood and urine test | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose and show the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| eye exam | An ophthalmologist performs an eye exam. In the early stages of the disease, the retinal veins dilate and the arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | When the pressure rises, nephrons, the filters for blood, die in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys shows: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissues. |
treatment of pathology
During treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle, in which there is no stress or emotional overload. Patients need to spend more time outdoors, it is best to go for long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to stick to a diet as proper nutrition is the key to successfully treating arterial hypertension.
Medical
Treatment for high blood pressure depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications and prevent impending death.
The aim of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, i. e. to eliminate the cause of this vascular disease. At the beginning of the treatment of high blood pressure, monotherapy and combination therapy make sense. If it is ineffective, I use low doses of combinations of antihypertensive drugs.
Drug treatment of hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after examining the diagnostic results. When hypertension occurs, therapy is carried out with such drugs as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed to patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent heart complications, these are the best remedies, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but they can be used for a long time, since the drug is addictive (do not use for more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists cause a long-term effect. These medicines gradually normalize blood pressure.
- Administration of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the blood vessels from absorbing calcium, causing them to dilate and decrease pressure.
home remedies
- Turnip. Beetroot juice should be drunk three times for 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black Chokeberry. To be treated by this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is suspended for a week, after which the treatment is continued.
- Garlic. 3 cloves of garlic and 3 lemons need to be chopped in a meat grinder. The gruel is poured 1. 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50ml 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime (3 weeks).
- cranberry and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as non-drug treatment for hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, calendula clover. Decoctions from these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for high blood pressure
Treatment for high blood pressure includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet plays an important role in high blood pressure. Therefore, there are recommendations related to nutrition. Limit salty, fried, and fatty foods. From the diet you need to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise and sour cream. Instead of animal fats, you need to choose vegetable fats. Simpler foods are recommended: grains, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Dieting and choosing the right foods help lower cholesterol, which in turn lowers blood pressure, and reduces the harmful effects of sodium on health.
The main rule when arterial hypertension occurs and is detected is simple: you need to see a doctor, since a hypertensive person should be treated under his control.
what is dangerous
Provokes a disorder of the central nervous system:
- Headache;
- decrease in working capacity;
- stroke.
Causes disorders in the internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart, like a muscle, begins to increase, and the vessels do not develop, the supply of oxygen is interrupted, while the working force does not change, overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (widening of large vessels and narrowing of small vessels).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, this occurs due to the intermittent supply of blood to the penis, which can lead to clogging of the arteries supplying it).
Hypertension brings with it a number of additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension has serious consequences that complicate the treatment of the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with arterial hypertension. The further the high blood pressure progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.